Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its remarkable performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have resulted significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These enhancements

Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors offer a versatile platform for a broad range of applications in chemical industries. These reactors employ hollow fibers as the core membrane to facilitate mass transfer between compartments. The unique design of hollow fiber membranes enables high surface area per unit volume, leading to improved productivity in v

PVDF membrane bioreactors are gaining a popular technology for wastewater remediation. These processes offer several benefits, including high removal rates of biological pollutants, reduced sludge production, and enhanced water quality. Moreover, PVDF membranes are known for their resistance, making them suitable for long-term deployment. To assess